A 58-year-old male smoker presents with 3 episodes of hemoptysis, each ~30 mL, over the past week. He has a 40 pack-year history and prior TB treated 15 years ago. Vitals stable. CXR shows a left upper lobe opacity. What is the stepwise approach to workup? When should we proceed with emergency bronchoscopy vs CT angiography vs bronchial artery embolization?
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